Cognitive Therapy For Postpartum Depression - 2496 Words

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression Postpartum depression (PPD) affects 13% - 19% of postnatal women worldwide (é ¦â„¢Ã¦ ¸ ¯Ã§â€° ¹Ã¥Ë† ¥Ã¨ ¡Å'æ” ¿Ã¥ â‚¬ : è ¡â€ºÃ§â€Å¸Ã§ ½ ²Ã¨ ¡â€ºÃ§â€Å¸Ã©Ëœ ²Ã¨ ­ ·Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã¥ ¿Æ', 2014). The impact of PPD on women, infants and their families is significantly negative and enduring, and imposes a burden on the health-care system (Leung et al., 2013). More awareness and understanding of this mental health problem should be promoted in the general population and among health care providers, families, friends, and new mothers themselves. This paper will discuss on the definition, prevalence, risk factors and consequence of Postpartum Depression, and treatment options with a focus on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Postpartum Mood Disorders Postpartum mood disorders is defined as a spectrum of illness including postpartum blues, postpartum depression and postpartum psychosis. The postpartum blues are extremely common and no specific treatment is usually needed. Postpartum depression is less common and may significantly impact both the health of the mother and baby. Postpartum psychosis is extremely rare with clinical features including mania, psychotic thoughts, severe depression, and other thought disorders, and requires hospitalization. This paper will focus on reviewing and discussing postpartum depression. Postpartum Depression Postpartum depression (PPD) exists as a part of the spectrum of major depression, coded with a modifier for postpartum onset which is defined as an episode of depression, mania, orShow MoreRelatedPostpartum Depression And Its Effect On Child Development1500 Words   |  6 Pages â€Æ' Specialization My area of specialization is maternal postpartum depression and its effect on child development. It s a well-documented fact that postpartum depression affects not only the patient but other family members including the children. Client Agency The clients in this intervention will be women who have recently given birth. The intervention would occur at a hospital or medical setting during the six week check-up. The clients that would participate in this intervention would beRead MorePostpartum Depression : Symptoms And Symptoms1134 Words   |  5 Pages Postpartum Depression Vanda Mallo Keiser University Postpartum Depression The birth of a baby can generate powerful emotions, from excitement and joy to fear and anxiety. But it can also result in something unexpected, depression. Postpartum depression affects approximately 10-15% of women and impairs mother-infant interactions that in turn are important for child development. Postpartum depression is sometimes mistaken for baby blues, but the signs and symptoms are more intenseRead MoreThe Concept Of Coping : Postpartum Depression And Anxiety Essay1308 Words   |  6 Pages individual perception, and behavior (Giddens, 2013). The two exemplars that will be addressed in the following sections are postpartum depression and anxiety. Postpartum Depression Postpartum depression (PPD) can be described as a period of depression that begins following childbirth lasting more than two weeks (Camp, 2013). Up to 15% of women suffer from depression during the first three months after delivery and the cause of PPD remains unknown (Camp, 2013). Research has shown that PPD mayRead MorePostpartum Depression : A Mental Health Disorder1414 Words   |  6 Pages Postpartum depression, or PPD, is a mental health disorder that occurs in women prior to the birth of a newborn infant. PPD is caused by a dramatic shift in hormones occurring anywhere from a month to a year after childbirth. Because of the hormonal changes, women may feel that pregnancy is a time of happiness, fear, excitement, exhaustion, and even sadness. Expecting mothers may also feel a multitude of emotions after delivery as well. Postpartum depression in new mothers is a debilitating illnessRead MorePostpartum Depression And Postpartum Psychosis1135 Words   |  5 PagesPostpartum Depression vs Postpartum Psychosis 1. Postpartum Depression vs Postpartum Psychosis 2. Faith Williams 3. Comp 1 4. Abstract Ongoing sleep deprivation, the intense experience of birth, radical role shifts, and hormonal fluctuations all collide to produce mood swings, irritability, and feelings of being overwhelmed in the majority of mothers. While as many as 80% experience some form of the â€Å"baby blues,† a smaller percentage experience Postpartum Depression, with even fewer momsRead MoreDepression And Postpartum Depression1042 Words   |  5 PagesPostpartum depression: What is it, how long does it last, and does it affect children on the long run? Postpartum depression is a depression that affects woman usually during the first months after giving birth. Postpartum depression affects 1 in 5 woman. It can also affect fathers. In most cases, postpartum depression can last many years. There are 3 types of postpartum psychiatric disorders: postpartum blues, postpartum psychosis and postpartum depression. According to Health Facty, there are 10Read MorePathophysiology And Effects Of Postpartum Dep ression1528 Words   |  7 PagesRhetoric Professor Jaffe The Pathophysiology Effects of Postpartum Depression After childbirth, around 85% of women experience some sort of mood change. For most, the symptoms, following childbirth are minor and brief, otherwise known as the baby blues. Though, 10 to 15% of a woman’s baby blues manifests and develops into postpartum depression and in extreme circumstances, psychosis (Zonana, J., Gorman, J., 2005). Postpartum depression is a multifaceted phenomenon with various components. ThisRead MoreCommon Types of Depression1325 Words   |  6 PagesTypes of Depression, there’s so many of them everyone is different so everyone has their different depression type. Here are some common types that are more known or in your case you probably never heard of. Major Depression or also known as Chronic Depression. Major Depression is lost in interest, lost in energy and this mood could last for a day or more. Systems of this could be feeling guilty, worthless, hypersonic (extensive sleep), restless, slowed down, thoughts that recur on death or doi ngRead MorePostpartum Depression And Its Effects On Women1163 Words   |  5 PagesPostpartum Depression According to two recent studies, 7-13% of all postpartum women suffer from depression. Even more alarming, the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) in mothers who have pre-term infants rises to 30-40% according to a recent review (Robertson E, Grace S, Wallington T, Stewart DE., 2004; Schmied V, Johnson M, Naidoo N, et al., 2013). Mood and anxiety disorders, specifically PPD, are severe, yet common complications in women of reproductive age. Undertreated depression inRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Postpartum Depression2232 Words   |  9 PagesResearch Postpartum depression affects about 13% of new mothers within the first year after childbirth (Marrs, 2013). Every year there are nearly 4 million births and approximately 1 in 7 women experience postpartum depression (â€Å"Postpartum Depression-ACOG†, 2013). When a woman is screened for PPD, they are typically evaluated after giving birth and approximately 4-6 weeks after delivery. Screening can include the use of Postnatal questionnaires to determine the severity of the depression and the treatment

Prejudice in To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee and in...

Prejudice can be defined as any preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience, 2. Harm or injury that results or may result from some action or judgment, and due in part to the first Amendment, which gave all Americans the right of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition, many Americans believe they have the right to verbally judge whomever and whatever they seem fit, to no extent. However these same American underestimate the impact prejudice can have on a person’s body and mind because as we all know prejudice grows. Prejudice can also affect all phases of life: the past, the present, and the future. Maya Angelou said, â€Å" Prejudice is a burden that confuses the past, threatens the future and renders the†¦show more content†¦He is told to blend in with the other African Americans, told to address white as if they were superior to him, and he is pressured into not following his dream of being a writer. In the end he path his own pa th, walks his own way, contrary to what he was told. â€Å"I knew that I lived in a country in which the aspirations of black people were limited, marked-off. Yet I felt that I had to go somewhere and do something to redeem my being alive†(Black Boy 209). Today approximately 13. 7 million single parents in America with 82.2% of them being single mothers as told by Time Magazine, these mothers all somewhat attempt to make ends meet even though women earn 30% less money than men. This derives from the lingering opinion that women are less able to conduct work than men or the opinion that women should solely be kept at home as housewives, cooking and cleaning. However, single mothers ranging from Mary Ann Moore, who works 10 hour shifts to help support her four children, to Angel Gordan mother of six who has no job, these women find ways to make ends meet. Women carry in their bodies’ the future minds of America. They labor Page 3 in pain for hours in order to bring life to new sons and daughters of the country, but if women aren’t paid equally these new sons and daughter will not be able to receive all the benefits America offers. Prejudice threatens the future. The story The Awakening by Kate Chopin illustrates a woman named Edna Pontellier who breaks outShow MoreRelatedEssay On Discrimination In To Kill A Mockingbird859 Words   |  4 Pagessomeone is from, they deserve to be treated just like everyone else. Society usually affects natural biases. Influenced by society, prejudice is the theme which prevails, drastically affecting people’s lives in To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee and â€Å"Caged Bird† by Maya Angelou. Isolation, or feeling isolated is an effect of prejudice. In Lee’s To Kill A Mockingbird, Arthur Radley is a character who has never been seen outside of his house for years. Thus, rumors and assumptions about Radley stabbingRead MoreComparative Essay-to Kill a Mockingbird and I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings1065 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 10 18 November 2012 Response to Literature â€Å"The free bird thinks of another breeze†¦.a caged bird stands on the grave of dreams†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The two literary works â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings† by Maya Angelou and Harper Lee’s â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† can be seen as mockingbirds that have flown over fields of prejudice and repeat what they have seen for all to hear. Jem Finch, a young boy and lawyer’s son from â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† clearly symbolizes a mockingbird because of his youth and innocenceRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 Pagesthe Castle of My Skin, by George Lamming (1953)[31] Goodbye, Columbus, by Philip Roth (1959)[32] A Separate Peace, by John Knowles (1959) To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee (1960)[30] Dune, by Frank Herbert (1965)[33] The Outsiders, by S. E. Hinton (1967)[34] A Wizard of Earthsea, by Ursula K. Le Guin (1968)[35] I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, by Maya Angelou (1969) Bless Me, Ultima, by Rudolfo Anaya (1972) The World According to Garp, by John Irving (1978) The Discovery of Slowness, by Sten Nadolny

Book Report on “Babouk” Free Essays

Guy Endore tells the story of the drastic slave history through the eyes of an African – Babouk. He starts by focusing on the cargo of a French slaver during the late years of the eighteenth century. He explores the characteristics of a slave trade through his presentation of the ship and its primary quest. We will write a custom essay sample on Book Report on â€Å"Babouk† or any similar topic only for you Order Now As the ship gets loaded with captured slave at Goree, readers are provided with the concept of how lowly did the early Americans view the African Negroes. The way in which they were â€Å"loaded† to the ship makes the thought of slavery dreadfully equated to the scene of hoarding tools and equipment that will soon be used to gain profits. In general, what makes the story terribly disturbing is the way by which one race maltreats the other because of their difference in color, race, and cultural structures. This was shown when the slaves were stricken with opthalmia during their long, tiring, and devastatingly miserable trip towards San Domingo. During the voyage to the enslaved land, those who failed to meet and satisfy the standards of â€Å"slave eligibility† because of the disabilities that they developed (such as the loss of the sense of sight) were disposed in an inhuman way- being thrown overboard to drown and die. As the slaves reach their unfortunate destination of lifelong enslavement, the story becomes much worse as the once free men take their roles as full-pledged slaves under the rule of â€Å"masters† who treat them disdainfully and without any sign of gratitude and appreciation. However, the drastic enslavement also brings about a positive effect on the part of the Haitians. The slavery drives them to fight. The pain of being treated appallingly and the feeling of being taken away from their home and families eventually evolved into an urge to fight and defend themselves. The slavery of their white fellows transformed them into revolutionaries which eventually became as harsh as they were. Unfortunately, the supposed enlightenment of the slaves ended in their tragic death. Apathy yields indifference In the story of Babouk, readers were provided with a glimpse of how dreadful early Americans treated their potential slaves. In the story, they showed no signs of remorse in what they were doing. They failed to recognize that Africans like Babouk had the same rights and privileges that they enjoyed. They equated their potential slaves in the same way that they treat beasts of burden and tools for trade and profit. They showed no apathy and acted as if the indifference was a normal part of life and living. In effect, they instilled hatred in the heart of their slaves and they promoted the idea that a human being may treat their fellows in an inhuman way, for as long as they can delineate differences in their race and culture. They showed that violence was normal part of societal interaction and that â€Å"survival of the fittest† exists not only in the jungle. In response to this elaborate show of apathy, they harvested nothing but indifference from their revolutionist slaves. The most disturbing demonstration of this sadistic harvest is when Babouk threw a white child on the ground, struck a pike into its innocent and defenseless body, and used it as a banner. Reference: Endore, Guy (1934). â€Å"Babouk†. New York: Vanguard Press How to cite Book Report on â€Å"Babouk†, Papers

“A by John Updike Essay Sample free essay sample

In John Updike’s short narrative. â€Å"A A ; P. † Sammy. the storyteller. tickers three misss one afternoon while he works as a teller in an â€Å"A A ; P† food market shop. The misss are attractive in their Bikini. but clearly they do non affect the shop director. Lengel. who publicly embarrasses them. taking Sammy to discontinue his occupation. In the terminal. no 1 notices his heroic protest. and he starts to worry whether his hereafter will be suffering. I do non believe so ; I believe he makes the right determination. vacating non merely to affect the misss. but besides to arise against the policy-based positions in society. Although he fails to obtain regard from the misss. his determination. his first measure in transforming his unsatisfactory life. may assist him recognize who he is and who he wants to be. Sammy wants to alter his life before he meets the misss ; their reaching seems to trip him to recognize more to the full his dissatisfaction. They demonstrate traits he admires. Their arresting visual aspect triggers his grasp of beauty ; their attention-grabbing ability triggers his desire to be typical ; possibly Queenie’s leading triggers his desire to be himself. As she walks in with â€Å"a sort of dainty face† ( Updike 1493 ) . he explains. â€Å"Walking into the A A ; P†¦I suppose it’s the lone sort of face you can have† ( 1493 ) . While he’s busy watching her wander about. he expounds how â€Å"the store’s reasonably empty. it being Thursday afternoon. so there was nil much to do† ( 1494 ) . He notices she’s different from her two friends. even from her stairss. â€Å"Not this queen† ( 1493 ) . he says several times in his observations. stressing her singularity. When he sees his queen embarrassed by Lengel. he feels he has to stand up and be the â€Å"unsuspected hero† ( 1496 ) . coercing him to do the right determination for himself. Alt hough she does non detect his surrender. he does something with free will. Influenced by the misss. he explains how much he disdains his working environment. including his colleagues and the clients. The A A ; P is located in the â€Å"north of Boston and there’s people in this town haven’t seen the ocean for 20 years† ( 1494 ) . he says reenforcing how uneven it is that three misss come in have oning merely bathing suits. Sammy has a mocking tone to depict his colleague. Stokesie. When Stokesie expresses his grasp for the misss. Sammy explains that â€Å"Stokesie’s married. with two babes chalked up on his fuselage already† ( 1494 ) . He â€Å"thinks he’s traveling to be director some cheery twenty-four hours. possibly in 1990 when it’s called the Great Alexandrov and Petrooshki Tea Company or something† ( 1494 ) . Clearly. Sammy does non expect a hereafter like Stokesie’s. Additionally. he does non esteem the shop director. Lengel. naming him â€Å"pretty dreary. [ and he ] Teachs Sunday school† ( 1495 ) . He â€Å"hides all day† ( 1495 ) in his office â€Å"marked MANAGER† ( 1495 ) . Sammy does non give much regard to the clients either. connoting that they are animate beings: â€Å"†¦I got [ a client ] plumes smoothed† ( 1492 ) and â€Å" [ they are ] like frightened hogs in a chute† ( 1496 ) . Subsequently. he equates the clients with â€Å"sheep† ( 1493 ) . kicking ho w the fifty-year-old â€Å"witch† ( 1492 ) â€Å"starts giving [ him ] hell† ( 1492 ) when he accidently rings an point twice. Though it may seems these ideas come after Sammy sees the misss. the resentful tone reveals how he already dislikes his occupation before he meets the misss. Discontinuing has been rooted in his head for a long clip. Though Sammy â€Å"fe [ ELs ] †¦the universe [ is ] traveling to be [ difficult ] to [ him ] hereafter† ( 1497 ) . his hereafter is now in his ain custodies. Like most immature work forces. Sammy seeks felicity. freedom. an exciting life. If he spends his life behind a registry detecting others. he might neer fulfill his desires. When Queenie explains that she is merely acquiring â€Å"a jar of herring snacks† ( 1495 ) for her female parent. Sammy â€Å"slid [ Es ] right down her voice into her life room. Her male parent and the other work forces were standing about in ice-cream coats and bow ties and the adult females were in sandals picking up herring bites on toothpicks off a large glass home base and they were all keeping drinks the colour of H2O with olives and branchlets of batch in them† ( 1495 ) . Sammy sardonically mocks how his parents â€Å"get lemonade† ( 1495 ) when they â€Å"have person over† ( 1495 ) . even â€Å"if it’s a existent racy matter Schlitz in tall spectacless with ‘They’ll Do It Every Time’ sketchs stenciled on† ( 1495 ) . As Sammy runs out to the parking batch to â€Å"look around for [ his ] girls†¦they’re gone. of course† ( 1496 ) . â€Å"Of class. † Of class. he is cognizant that the misss will non detect his surrender. He quits the occupation for himself. He makes his determination non because â€Å"it seems to [ him ] that one time you begin a gesture its fatal non to travel through with it† ( 1496 ) . but he needs to take action. to interrupt through the coop of imaginativeness. In contrast to Lengel’s â€Å"old and gray† ( 1496 ) face inside the shop. â€Å"outside the sunlight is skating about on the asphalt† ( 1496 ) . Sammy’s going to the parking batch represents his first measure into his hereafter. with the Sun polishing ; his farewell to the past. go forthing Lengel’s â€Å"dark gray† ( 1497 ) face and â€Å"stiff [ ing ] † ( 1497 ) back. Sammy’s surrender may non look like a practical pick ; on the other manus. it may take to a better hereafter. It surely requires moral bravery. Because Sammy’s present universe is unsatisfactory. he lives in an imagined 1. where he observes everyone else. If he quits. he can step into a better universe. 1 he has yet to conceive of. but one that may be brighter than the â€Å"dark gray† ( 1497 ) of Lengel’s face or the humdrum of Stokesie’s hereafter. Discontinuing represents his first measure out of his fanciful universe. What is left now is the practical universe which will coerce him to face world and may finally take him to happen felicity. nevertheless hard the way. Plants Cited Updike. John. â€Å"A A ; P. † The Norton Anthology Of Short Fiction. 7. Bausch. Richard. and R. V. Cassill. New York: W W Norton A ; Co Inc. 2006. Print.

Music history Analysis Essay Example For Students

Music history Analysis Essay Music Appreciation Text Questions Please complete the following questions. It is important that you use full sentences and present the questions and answers when you submit your work. Submit the work as a file attachment. This means you complete all work in a word processing document (e. G. , Microsoft Word) and attach the file using the dropped tool. Use the Unit 4: Text Questions dropped basket. The answers to the Review Critical Thinking questions are worth 10 points. Review Questions 1 . What were the three forms of English madrigals? Describe each type. 2. What were chorales? Why were they popular? 3. What is a consort? 4. Who was Gallinule Duffy? What contributions did he make to Renaissance music? 5. Who was William Byrd? What contributions did he make to Renaissance music? Critical Thinking Questions 1. How did music in the Renaissance differ from medieval music? 2. What were the effects of the printing press on music and composers? 3. If the Renaissance is thought to represent a rebirth or new birth, how is this reflected in the music of the Renaissance? 4. What was the role of music during the Renaissance? How was it used in society? 5. Many of the songs from ancient times through the Renaissance built on the melodies of previous songs. What were the advantages for composers of using a melody that had already been created? Discussion Questions Please post questions and answers on the UNIT FOUR discussion boards. Unless otherwise instructed, you should submit at least one full paragraph for each question. Each discussion assignment is worth 5 points.

Blake Chapman Essays (525 words) - Cinema Of The United States

Blake Chapman Period 1 3/5/17 The Help Welcome to Jackson, Mississippi, in 1963, a place where African-American maids work in the homes of white women cleaning, cooking, and raising the children. Most of them are treated shamefully and are forced to listen to nasty comments on their failings and derogatory remarks about their race, including charges that colored people carry disease. What is forgotten is the patience, loyalty, and tender loving care the maids give to the often neglected children of their employers. The (2011) film "The Help", based on a novel by Kathryn Stockett, Starring Viola Davis, Emma Stone, Bryce Dallas Howard, and Octavia Spencer, takes place in the world of Southern women. The white men may rule the world but not their own households so they are deliberately shut out here. The prejudice they display toward their wives or girlfriends sets up a chain reaction where the white women take their own insecurities and inadequacies out on the black help. The book tells the story of Jackson, Mississippi in the early 1960s, starting in 1962 and ending in 1964. These are turbulent times for the entire country but especially turbulent for the people in Jackson, who are being forced to face up to their old ways - ways that are no longer acceptable to many. For the most part those ways revolve around segregation and the mistreatment of the blacks that live and work in a white man's town. Skeeter plans to write a book to change white people's minds. Aibileen and minny are the oppressed maids searching for acceptance. Hilly is the white woman that mistreats blacks and doesn't want equality for blacks. Stone is one of our very best young actresses and she acquits herself well in this role. She makes you imagine that this might be how Scout from Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird might have turned out had she become a journalist: Too inquisitive, sensitive and empathetic not to brush aside the common wisdom of the day to see eternal truths about human beings. There are small moments in the film though that make you long for a movie that is not so deep-dish serious and self-conscious, a contemporary movie that could take advantage of the viewpoint of a half century to look at the past with a kind of cock-eyed grace such as the TV ser ies Mad Men . These moments come when you see a maid absurdly vacuuming a large stuffed bear. The Help is a serious drama that also has plenty of comic moments. You will care for all these characters. You will find yourself trying to figure out what makes them tick and the larger social context in which they live. You will worry with them, laugh with them, and, best of all, celebrate with them. This film has all the qualities of an engaging and heart-affecting movie. It was one of the Best Films of 2011 and even resulted in an Academy Award nomina tion for Viola Davis and a win for Octavia Spencer as Best Supporting Actress.

A Decade of Organizational Change at Unilever Essays

A Decade of Organizational Change at Unilever Essays A Decade of Organizational Change at Unilever Paper A Decade of Organizational Change at Unilever Paper A Decade of Organizational Change at Unilever A DECADE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AT UNILEVER 7 November 2012 Originally founded in 1872, and incorporated in 1929, Unilever was facing a difficult time when upon their discovery that the organizational architechture and strategy they were employing was not benefiting the company. The company was under a decentralized structure for generations. o Managers looking for a change o The decision was to go global It was mid-1990 and initial changes were made with minmal results. Managers tried again and rebuilt the company from the inside out Between 1990-1996 Unilever introduced the concept based on regional business groups o The groups and divisions coordinated activities in the regions It is now the year 2000 a slight change was apparent; however, the company was still behind their competitors. Again, management decides change is warranted o Unilever decides change the number of brands form 1600 to 400 o Reduce th e number of manufacturing plants from 380 to 280 o Management wants all of this completed by the year 2004 It is extremely difficult to change. The process is compounded when you are a ultinational business trying to reshape your thumbprint. That in itself can take years Unilever managed to change and they no doubt are yet continuing to perfect Change while yet simple to say is one of the most difficult processes to perform. It takes proper timing if known, and having the best tools to make it happen. When you are a large multinational firm, the task will have challenges. While it took some effort to complete, Unilever, historically one of manufacturings oldest multinational firms was facing a reoganizational change that reshaped them for the challenges of the 1st century. Orginally incorporated in 1929, Unilevers beginnings were in 1872 when two Dutch firms began commercially producing margarine. Unilever has operated for decades with an organizational structure that had apparently been working for them. A decentralized structure had been in place for generations. There were suttle indicators that this may be a good time to consider a new strategy for the company. Unilever realized that by the mid-1990s that the decentralized structure had cost the company profits and that they were behind their competition. Management decided on an organizational change in an effort to move the company in a positive direction. Unilever decided it wanted to try to go global. It was evident that the decentralized structure was failing Unilever; however, the process had been with the company for so many generations it appeared they didnt quite know how to move forward. There was a false start where they tried to pull out of the market slump; and, they were still behind the competition. By this time about five years had lapsed. What they failed to understand was that a complete rebuilding f the organzational architechture, as they were trying to do include everything from the inside out and it will take some time. This included the formal organizational structure, control systems and incentives, processes, organizational culture, and people. The move toward globalization was presenting a challenge to Unilever managers; however, the competition was ahead and Unilever was trying to improve their position in the market. They had to get better leverage for themselves. Realm begins to take place. Between Unilever introduced a new structure based on regional business groups that included a number of divisions hat focused on specific products. The groups and divisions coordinated activities in the regions and helped to drive down costs. Even though Unilever implimented changes it was the now the year 2000 and the company was still behind its competition. There is still room for more changes. This time, the decision was to trim down a sizable number of brands from 1600 to 400 and reduce the number of manufacturing plants from 380 to 280 all of this to be done by attrition by the year 2004. When they created the divisions, they created two global divisions, a product division, food division, and a home personal care division. Within each division are a number of regional business groups that does the developing, marketing etc. Unilever has divisions in Europe, North America, Latin America, and Asia. To conclude, while over a decade, Unilever took patience and due diligence to pefect a business system that was best suited to change their Organizational Architechture, and one would like to think that they are ever evovling in their processes. This will keep them positioned as they forge the challenges of the 21st century